TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hagen, K.
AU  - Linde, M.
AU  - Steiner, T. J.
AU  - Stovner, L. J.
AU  - Zwart, J-A
PY  - 2012
DA  - 2012//
TI  - Risk factors for medication-overuse headache: an 11-year follow-up study. The Nord-Trondelag Health Studies
T2  - Pain
JO  - Pain
SP  - 56
EP  - 61
VL  - 153
IS  - 1
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analgesics/*adverse effects
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Headache Disorders
KW  - Secondary/chemically induced/*epidemiology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Norway/epidemiology
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk Factors
AB  - Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is relatively common, but its incidence has not been calculated and there are no prospective population-based studies that have evaluated risk factors for developing MOH. The aim of this study was to estimate incidences of and identify risk factors for developing chronic daily headache (CDH) and MOH. This longitudinal population-based cohort study used data from the Nord-Trondelag Health Surveys performed in 1995-1997 and 2006-2008. Among the 51,383 participants at baseline, 41,766 were eligible approximately 11 years later. There were 26,197 participants (responder rate 63%), among whom 25,596 did not report CDH at baseline in 1995-1997. Of these, 201 (0.8%) had MOH and 246 (1.0%) had CDH without medication overuse (CDHwoO) 11 years later. The incidence of MOH was 0.72 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.81). In the multivariate analyses, a 5-fold risk for developing MOH was found among individuals who at baseline reported regular use of tranquilizers [odds ratio 5.2 (3.0-9.0)] or who had a combination of chronic musculoskeletal complaints, gastrointestinal complaints, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score >/= 11 [odds ratio 4.7 (2.4-9.0)]. Smoking and physical inactivity more than doubled the risk of MOH. In contrast, these factors did not increase the risk of CDHwoO. In this large population-based 11-year follow-up study, several risk factors for MOH did not increase the risk for CDHwoO, suggesting these are pathogenetically distinct. If the noted associations are causal, more focus on comorbid condition, physical activity, and use of tobacco and tranquilizers may limit the development of MOH.
SN  - 0304-3959
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22018971
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.08.018
DO  - 10.1016/j.pain.2011.08.018
LA  - English
N1  - PMID:22018971
ID  - Hagen_etal2012
ER  -