@Article{Fleiner_etal2016,
author="Fleiner, H. F.
and Bjoro, T.
and Midthjell, K.
and Grill, V.
and Asvold, B. O.",
title="Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Autoimmune and Type 2 Diabetes: The Population-Based HUNT Study in Norway",
journal="J Clin Endocrinol Metab",
year="2016",
address="Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine (H.F.F., V.G.), Norwegian University of Science",
volume="101",
number="2",
pages="669--677",
optkeywords="Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Databases; Factual; Diabetes Mellitus; Type 1/*complications/*epidemiology; Type 2/*complications/*epidemiology; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism/complications/epidemiology; Hypothyroidism/complications/epidemiology; Iodide Peroxidase/blood/immunology; Male; Middle Aged; Norway/epidemiology; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Thyroid Diseases/*complications/*epidemiology; Thyroid Hormones/blood",
abstract="CONTEXT: Associations between autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease are known but insufficiently characterized. Some evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes may also be associated with hypothyroidism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate associations of autoimmune and type 2 diabetes with the prevalence of hypo- and hyperthyroidism. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in two surveys of the Nord-Trondelag Health (HUNT) Study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 34 235 participants of HUNT2 (1995-1997) and 48 809 participants of HUNT3 (2006-2008) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of hypo- and hyperthyroidism was estimated, assessed by self-report, serum measurements, and linkage with the Norwegian Prescription Database. RESULTS: In HUNT2, autoimmune diabetes was associated with a higher age-adjusted prevalence of hypothyroidism among both women (prevalence ratio 1.79, 95{\%} confidence interval [CI] 1.30-2.47) and men (prevalence ratio 2.71, 95{\%} CI 1.76-4.19), compared with having no diabetes. For hyperthyroidism, the corresponding cumulative prevalence ratios were 2.12 (95{\%} CI 1.36-3.32) in women and 2.54 (95{\%} CI 1.24-5.18) in men with autoimmune diabetes. The age-adjusted excess prevalence of hypothyroidism ( approximately 6 percentage points) and the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (8-10 percentage points) associated with autoimmune diabetes was similar in women and men. Type 2 diabetes was not associated with the prevalence of hypothyroidism. In HUNT3, associations were broadly similar to those in HUNT2. CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes, was strongly and gender neutrally associated with an increased prevalence of hypo- and hyperthyroidism and the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Increased surveillance for hypothyroidism appears not necessary in patients with type 2 diabetes.",
optnote="Fleiner, Hanne FBjoro, TrineMidthjell, KristianGrill, ValdemarAsvold, Bjorn OengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t2015/11/20 06:00J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Feb;101(2):669-77. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3235. Epub 2015 Nov 19.",
optnote="exported from refbase (http://vev.medisin.ntnu.no/refbase/show.php?record=1738), last updated on Thu, 11 Aug 2016 12:35:17 +0200",
doi="10.1210/jc.2015-3235",
opturl="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26583583",
opturl="https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3235"
}